The Basic Composition Of CNC Machine Tools

The basic components of CNC machine tools include machining program carriers, numerical control devices, servo drives, machine tool bodies and other auxiliary devices. The basic working principle of each component is outlined below.

Processing program carrier

When the CNC lathe is working, it is not necessary for the worker to directly operate the machine tool. To control the CNC machine tools, the machining program must be programmed. The part processing program includes the relative motion trajectory of the tool and the workpiece on the machine tool, the process parameters (feedrate spindle speed, etc.) and auxiliary motion. The part processing program is stored in a program carrier, such as a punched paper tape, a cassette tape, a floppy disk, etc., with a certain format and code, and the program information is input to the CNC unit through the input device of the numerical control machine tool.

CNC device

The numerical control device is the core of the CNC machine tools. Modern numerical control devices are all in the form of CNC (Computer Numerical Control). This CNC device generally uses multiple microprocessors to implement numerical control functions in the form of programmed software. Therefore, it is also called Software NC. The CNC system is a position control system that interpolates the ideal motion trajectory based on the input data and outputs it to the parts required to machine the actuator. Therefore, the numerical control device mainly consists of three basic parts: input, processing and output. All of this work is reasonably organized by the computer’s system program, allowing the entire system to work in harmony.

1) Input device: The numerical control command is input to the numerical control device, and according to different program carriers, there are different input devices. There are mainly keyboard input, disk input, CAD/CAM system direct communication mode input and DNC (direct digital control) input to the upper computer. There are still many systems that still have the paper tape input form of the optical reader.

(1) Paper tape input method. The paper tape photoelectric reader can be used to read the part program, directly control the movement of the machine tool, or read the contents of the paper tape into the memory, and control the movement of the machine tool by using the part program stored in the memory.

(2) MDI manual data input method. The operator can use the keyboard on the operation panel to input the instructions of the machining program, which is suitable for relatively short programs.

In the control device edit state (EDIT), the machining program is input into the memory and stored in the memory of the control device. This input method can be used repeatedly. This method is generally used for manual programming.

On the numerical control device with session programming function, different menus can be selected according to the prompts on the display, and the machining program can be automatically generated by inputting the relevant size numbers by means of human-machine dialogue.

The DNC ​​direct numerical control input mode is adopted. The part program is saved in the upper computer, and the CNC system receives the subsequent block from the computer while processing. The DNC method is mostly used for complex workpieces designed with CAD/CAM software and directly generates part programs.

2) Information processing: the input device transmits the processing information to the CNC unit, and compiles it into a piece of computer-recognizable information. The information processing part gradually stores and processes the information according to the control program, and then sends the position and speed command to the servo through the output unit. System and main motion control section. The input data of the CNC system includes contour information of the part (starting point, end point, straight line, arc, etc.), machining speed and other auxiliary machining information (such as tool change, shifting, coolant switch, etc.). The purpose of data processing is to complete the insertion. Preparation before the complement operation. The data processing program also includes tool radius compensation, speed calculation, and processing of auxiliary functions.

3) Output device: The output device is connected to the servo mechanism. The output device receives the output pulse of the arithmetic unit according to the command of the controller, and sends it to the servo control system of each coordinate, and drives the servo system through power amplification, thereby controlling the machine tool to move according to the specified requirements.

Servo and measurement feedback system

The servo system is an important part of the CNC machine tools, which is used to realize the feed servo control and spindle servo control of CNC machine tools. The function of the servo system is to accept the command information from the numerical control device, and then convert it into linear displacement or angular displacement motion of the machine tool by power amplification and shaping. Since the servo system is the last link of the CNC machine tools, its performance will directly affect the technical indexes such as the precision and speed of the CNC machine tool. Therefore, the servo drive device of the CNC machine tools is required to have good fast response performance, and accurately and sensitively track the numerical control device. The digital command signal is sent and the instructions from the numerical control device can be faithfully executed to improve the dynamic follow-up characteristics and static tracking accuracy of the system.

The servo system consists of two parts: the drive unit and the actuator. The drive unit is composed of a spindle drive unit, a feed drive unit, a spindle servo motor, and a feed servo motor. Stepper motors, DC servo motors and AC servo motors are commonly used drives.

The measuring component detects the actual displacement value of each coordinate axis of the CNC machine tools and inputs it into the numerical control device of the machine tool through the feedback system. The numerical control device compares the actual displacement value returned by the numerical control device with the command value and outputs the set value to the servo system. The required displacement command.

Machine body

The machine host is the main body of the CNC machine. It includes mechanical components such as bed, base, column, beam, slide, table, headstock, feed mechanism, tool holder and automatic tool changer. It is the mechanical part that automatically performs various cutting operations on CNC machine tools. Compared with traditional machine tools, the main body of CNC machine tools has the following structural features:

1) Adopt a new machine tool structure with high rigidity, high shock resistance and small thermal deformation. Generally, the stiffness and shock resistance of the machine tool main body are improved by improving the static stiffness of the structural system, increasing the damping, adjusting the quality of the structural member and the natural frequency, so that the machine tool body can adapt to the need for the CNC machine tool to continuously and automatically perform the cutting process. Measures such as improving machine structure layout, reducing heat generation, controlling temperature rise, and using thermal displacement compensation can reduce the impact of thermal deformation on the machine tool host.

2) The high-performance spindle servo drive and feed servo drive are widely used to shorten the drive chain of CNC machine tools and simplify the structure of the machine tool drive system.

3) Adopt high transmission efficiency, high precision, gapless transmission and moving parts, such as ball screw nut pair, plastic sliding guide, linear rolling guide, static pressure guide and so on.

CNC machine tool auxiliary device

The auxiliary device is the necessary device to ensure the full play of the functions of the CNC machine tool. The commonly used auxiliary devices include: pneumatic, hydraulic device, chip removal device, cooling, lubrication device, rotary table and numerical control indexing head, protection, lighting, etc. Auxiliary device

About HAISHU Machinery

Taian Haishu Machinery Co., Ltd. is the professional CNC machine designer and manufacturer dedicated in supplying automobile wheel production and repair solutions to worldwide customers. We have been always worked hard to become the leader in designing and manufacturing CNC lathes since 2001.   We have more than 30 talented experts and more than 12,000 square meters factory. Our innovative, high-quality products include wheel CNC machine, wheel repair machine, brake drum lathe and customized CNC lathe machine.

What is CNC machine tool?

CNC machine tool is the computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine which can provide powerful, fast and precision workpiece cuts with indexable tools or drills.  one of the most widely used CNC lathe machines. The CNC lathe tool is mainly used for the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of shaft parts or disc parts, the inner and outer conical surfaces of any taper angle, the complex inner and outer curved surfaces, the cylindrical and conical threads, etc., CNC machine tool can also be used for grooving, drilling, reaming and reaming. Holes and borings, etc.

The CNC machine tool automatically processes the machined parts according to the pre-programmed machining program. We process the machining process route, process parameters, tool trajectory, displacement, cutting parameters and auxiliary functions of the parts according to the instruction code and program format specified by the CNC machine tool, and then record the contents of the program list. On the control medium, hot sale CNC lathe is then inputted into the numerical control device of the CNC machine to direct the machine to machine the parts.

What are the characteristics of CNC machine tool?

CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of the digital control machine tool, which is an automatic machine tool with the program control system. The control system can logically process and decode the program with control code or other symbolic instructions to cause the machine to operate and machine the part.

Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

• High processing precision and stable processing quality;
• The multi-coordinate linkage can be performed to process parts with complex shapes;
• When the machined parts are changed, generally only need to change the NC program, which can save production preparation time;
• The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity and can choose favorable processing amount, and the productivity is high (usually 3~5 times of ordinary machine tools);
• The degree of automation of the machine tool is high, which can reduce the labor intensity;
• The quality of the operators is high, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are higher.

The normal use of the CNC lathe must meet the following conditions: the power supply voltage fluctuation at the position where the machine is located is small, the ambient temperature is lower than 30 degrees, and the relative temperature is less than 80%.

Environmental requirements for CNC machine tool

The position of the machine tool should be away from the vibration source, and the direct sunlight and heat radiation should be avoided to avoid the influence of moisture and air flow. If there is a vibration source near the machine tool, anti-vibration grooves should be installed around the machine. Otherwise, it will directly affect the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool, which will make the electronic components contact poorly, cause malfunction, and affect the reliability of the machine tool.

Power requirements for CNC machine tool

Generally, the CNC lathe is installed in the machine shop, which not only has large changes in ambient temperature, but also has poor operating conditions, and many kinds of electromechanical equipment, resulting in large fluctuations in the power grid. Therefore, the location of the CNC lathe requires strict control of the power supply voltage. Power supply voltage fluctuations must be within the allowable range and remain relatively stable. Otherwise, it will affect the normal operation of the CNC system.

Temperature conditions of CNC machine tool

The ambient temperature of the CNC lathe is less than 30 degrees, and the relative temperature is less than 80%. Generally speaking, the numerical control electric control box is internally provided with an exhaust fan or a cooling fan to keep the electronic components, especially the central processing unit, with a constant operating temperature or a small change in temperature difference. Excessive temperature and humidity will result in reduced life of the control system components and lead to increased failure. Increased temperature and humidity, increased dust can cause bonding on the integrated circuit board and cause short circuits.

Standardized use of CNC machine tool

When using the machine, the user is not allowed to arbitrarily change the parameters set by the manufacturer in the control system. The setting of these parameters is directly related to the dynamic characteristics of the various parts of the machine. Only the value of the gap compensation parameter can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

The user cannot change the machine attachment at will, such as using a hydraulic chuck that exceeds the specifications. When setting up the accessories, the manufacturer fully considers the matching of the parameters of each link. Blind replacement causes mismatches in the parameters of various links and even causes an accident that is not estimated.

The pressure of the hydraulic chuck, hydraulic tool holder, hydraulic tailstock, and hydraulic cylinder should be within the allowable stress range, and no increase is allowed.

Maintenance of CNC machine tool

CNC turning lathe is a high-precision, high-efficiency automated machine tool. Equipped with multi-station turret or power turret, the machine tool has a wide range of processing performance, can process linear cylinders, diagonal cylinders, arcs and various complex workpieces such as threads, slots, worms, with linear interpolation, arc Interpolated various compensation functions and played a good economic effect in the mass production of complex parts. The maintenance of the inclined bed CNC lathe is as follows:

In order to ensure the working accuracy of the inclined bed CNC lathe and prolong the service life, it is necessary to carry out reasonable maintenance work on the self-use slant bed CNC lathe. The quality of lathe maintenance directly affects the processing quality and production efficiency of the workpiece. When the Taiwanese Taichung Seiki CNC lathe runs for 500h, it needs to be level 1 maintained. The maintenance work of the inclined bed CNC lathe is mainly carried out by the operator and the maintenance worker cooperates. When servicing, the electric probe must be cut off first, and then maintained according to the maintenance contents and requirements.

Our company

As the professional CNC machine designer and manufacturer, Taian Haishu Machinery Co., Ltd (Haishu Machinery) not only can manufacture 16 series 80 kinds of CNC lathe machines and related parts, we also can design special machine for you.

Really achieve more functions, high precision, no idle, no waste, avoiding the choice of functions that are not related to your needs. Taian Haishu Machinery is your best choice.

High Speed CNC Turning Lathe CK6150B-3

Description

CNC Turning Lathe CK6150B-3 designed and fabricated by HAISHU Machinery is a kind of widely used horizontal CNC lathe equipped with powerful CNC system, a four-station electric turret or a horizontal six-station turret.  Our CNC turning lathe CK6150B-3×1000 orCK6150B-3×1500 provide an affordable flexibility for metal cutting, turning or drilling functions. This kind of CNC lathe provides stability, rigidity and accuracy for a variety of applications.

CNC Turning Lathe CK6150B-3 Specifications

No	Item	Unit	Specifications
1	Maximum turning diameter of the lathe’s body	mm	φ500
2	Maximum tactical diameter of work-piece on the sliding plate	mm	φ290
3	Maximum workpiece length	mm	750/1000/1500
4	Bed foot structure		Separate bed foot
5	Lathe bed width	mm	390
6	Main transmission form		Three Gears
7	Speed mode		Frequency stepless speed in gears
8	Range of spindle speed	r/min	45~1600
9	The form of the spindle head		8-D
10	Hole diameter of spindle	mm	φ82
11	Spindle taper		1:20
12	Chunk Diameter	mm	φ250 （φ320）
13	Main motor power	KW	7.5
14	Turret maximum stroke	mm	X-320； Z-750/1000/1500
15	Fast-moving feed	mm/min	X-6000 Z-8000
16	Repeat positioning accuracy	mm	X-0.01  Z-0.015
17	Workpiece accuracy		IT6-IT7
18	Workpiece surface roughness		Ra1.6
19	Diameter of tailstock quill	mm	φ75
20	Tailstock quill stroke	mm	150
21	Taper of tailstock quill		MT5
22	Section of turning tool	mm	25×25
23	Machine Size（L×W×H）	mm	2450/2700/3200×1300×1730
24	Net weight	KG	2600/2800/3200

CNC Turning Lathe CK6150B-3 Configurations

Standard Configuration

• CNC system: GSK980
• Manual chuck (φ250mm)
• Manual tailstock
• Vertical four-station electric turret
• Automatic lubrication system
• Turning the cooling system

Optional configuration

• CNC system: KND, Siemens, Fanuc, etc.
• Manual chuck (φ320mm), hydraulic chuck (solid and hollow), pneumatic chuck
• Hydraulic tailstock, pneumatic tailstock
• Automatic feeder
• Horizontal six-station turret, eight-station turret, tool row
• The spindle center height increase

About HAISHU Machinery

As the professional CNC machine designer and manufacturer, Taian HAISHU Machinery Co., Ltd (Haishu Machinery) is the high-tech enterprise specialized in CNC machine development, production, sales and service since 2001. We have more than 30 professional talented CNC experts and more than 12,000 square meters manufacturing factory.  More than 16 series 80 kinds of CNC machines and related parts had been manufactured to satisfy your pumping requirements. Our high quality and innovative products include CNC lathe, CNC milling machine, CNC machining center, CNC turn mill machine, CNC tool grinding machine, CNC pipe threading lathe, CNC wood lathe, stone CNC machine, CNC root canal file grinder and custom CNC equipment for special requirements.

HAISHU Machinery is not only providing best quality CNC machine products but also custom design, installation and service for secure and reliable operation. Welcome contact us for detailed information.